semaphore

//counting semaphore
semaphore:
    maxsize
    count = 0
    lock = new
    int acquire():
        lock(lock):
            while count == maxsize:
                monitor.wait(lock)
            if count == 0:
                monitor.pulseall(lock)
            return ++count // returns 1..maxsize
    int release():
        lock(lock):
            while count == 0:
                monitor.wait(lock)
            if count == maxsize:
                monitor.pulseall(lock)
            return --count // returns 0..maxsize-1

// below statements are equivalent
lock(lock):
    // do something

monitor.enter(lock)
try:
    // do something
finally:
    monitor.exit(lock)

Note:
- pulse/all when count is 1+ does nothing
- pulse/all when count is (maxsize-1)- does nothing
As there will be no threads in waiting queue to be moved to ready queue.

[Hat tip to MG]